T-90 vs. T-72: Which Russian Tank Reigns Supreme?

The question of whether the T-90 is better than the T-72 is a common one among military enthusiasts and those interested in armored warfare. Both tanks are iconic Russian designs, but the T-90 represents a substantial evolution from its predecessor. Understanding their differences requires looking at key areas like firepower, armor, and technological advancements.

A Brief History: The Evolution of Russian MBTs

The T-72, introduced in the early 1970s, was designed as a more affordable and mass-producible alternative to the T-64. It served as the backbone of Soviet and later Russian armored forces for decades. However, its combat history revealed several shortcomings.

Recognizing these limitations, Russia developed the T-90 in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was initially conceived as an upgrade to the T-72, known as the T-72BU, before being re-designated as the T-90. The goal was to create a modern main battle tank (MBT) that could effectively counter Western designs.

Firepower: Punching Power and Precision

When it comes to firepower, both tanks are armed with a 125mm smoothbore main gun. However, the T-90 benefits from more advanced fire control systems and ammunition.

The T-90’s gun can fire a wider array of modern ammunition, including advanced armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) rounds and guided missiles. Its autoloader is also more refined, allowing for faster and more accurate firing cycles.

• T-72: Primarily uses older generations of APFSDS and HEAT rounds. Fire control systems can be less sophisticated, especially in earlier variants.
• T-90: Features improved autoloader and fire control systems. Capable of firing advanced ammunition and anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) through the main gun.

This enhanced firepower means the T-90 has a greater ability to engage and destroy modern enemy tanks at longer ranges and with higher accuracy.

Protection: Surviving the Battlefield

Armor and protection are critical aspects where the T-90 significantly outshines the T-72. The T-90 incorporates more advanced composite armor and explosive reactive armor (ERA).

The T-90 is equipped with "Kontakt-5" ERA, which is far more effective against modern threats like tandem-charge warheads than the Kontakt-1 ERA found on many T-72 variants. Additionally, the T-90 features a more robust internal layout and improved crew survivability features.

• T-72: Relies on basic composite armor and earlier ERA systems. Vulnerable to modern anti-tank weapons, especially in the turret ring and hull front.
• T-90: Features advanced composite armor and Kontakt-5 ERA. Includes Shtora-1 electro-optical countermeasures system on some variants for added protection against guided missiles.

The T-90’s protection suite makes it a much tougher target to neutralize on the battlefield, offering a higher chance of crew survival.

Mobility and Technology: Speed and Smarts

While both tanks share a similar chassis and engine layout, the T-90 often boasts more powerful engines and improved transmission systems, leading to better mobility. This translates to faster acceleration and better maneuverability in various terrains.

Technologically, the T-90 is a leap forward. Its advanced fire control system, thermal imaging capabilities, and battlefield management systems provide the crew with superior situational awareness.

• T-72: Generally has adequate mobility but can be outpaced by more modern tanks. Older models may lack advanced night-fighting capabilities.
• T-90: Offers superior mobility and advanced night vision/thermal imaging. Integrated battlefield management systems enhance coordination.

These technological upgrades are crucial for modern warfare, allowing tanks to operate more effectively in complex environments.

Key Differences Summarized

To provide a clearer picture, let’s look at a comparative overview:

Why the T-90 is the Superior Tank

In essence, the T-90 is a significant upgrade over the T-72. It addresses many of the T-72’s shortcomings while incorporating modern technologies. While the T-72 has been continuously upgraded over the years, the T-90 platform was designed from the ground up with more advanced capabilities.

For any military considering their armored assets, the T-90 offers a more potent combination of offensive and defensive capabilities. It represents a more capable and survivable platform in contemporary combat scenarios.

People Also Ask

### What is the main difference between the T-72 and T-90?

The main difference lies in their technological sophistication and combat effectiveness. The T-90 features significantly upgraded armor protection (like Kontakt-5 ERA), a more advanced fire control system with thermal imaging, and the ability to fire guided missiles through its main gun, making it superior to most T-72 variants.

### Is the T-90 more survivable than the T-72?

Yes, the T-90 is generally considered more survivable. Its improved composite armor, more effective explosive reactive armor (ERA), and the addition of systems like the Shtora-1 countermeasures (on some models) provide better protection against modern anti-tank weapons, significantly increasing the chances of crew survival.

### Can a T-90 destroy a T-72?

Absolutely. A T-90, with its more advanced ammunition, superior fire control, and thermal imaging capabilities, can detect and engage a T-72 at longer ranges and with greater

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